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The is a class of electric multiple unit (EMU) railroad cars formerly used by the Japanese National Railways (JNR). These are EMU power cars of length with a driver's cab at each end, three passenger doors on each side, and lengthwise bench-type passenger seating. The cars themselves were built in the later 1920s and 1930s for JNR's predecessor, the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), but the class, originally named , was established on 1 June 1953 by a JNR revision of its rolling stock classification regulations. In June 1959, a new JNR classification revision assigned the code to all cab-equipped power cars, giving the KuMoHa 12 class its present name. When the MoHa 12 class was formed in 1953, it consisted of 13 cars of the old JGR dual-cab class. Over time, additional cars were added by remodeling related old JGR classes, for an eventual total of 33 cars. ==List of cars== The various KuMoHa 12 cars have the following origins: * 12000–12003 - Built in 1933 as dual-cab MoHa 34 cars. * 12010–12018 - Built in 1929-1930 as single-cab cars, then remodeled in 1950-1951 with dual cabs as MoHa 34 cars. * 12019–12027 - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as series 200. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars. * 12030–12032 - Built in 1939-1941 as single-cab cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 400. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars. * 12040 - Built in 1926 as a single-cab car and reclassified in 1953 as a MoHa 11 series 100. Remodeled in 1960 as a dual-cab KuMoHa 12 car. * 12041 - Built in 1927 as a single-cab MoHa 30, remodeled in 1953 as a cabless , and remodeled again in 1964 as tractor car 22112. Converted in 1987 to a KuMoHa 12 for special-event passenger service by JR Central on the Iida Line. This car has been exhibited at the SCMaglev and Railway Park since March 2011.〔(List of exhibits ) Retrieved on 29 October 2009. 〕 * 12050–12055 - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 200. Remodeled in 1959 as dual-cab KuMoHa 12 cars.〔 Later operated by JR East on the Tsurumi Line ( Branch Line). The last car was withdrawn in 1996. File:JRC-Kumoha12041.jpg|KuMoHa 12041 used by JR Central as a special-event car on the Iida Line 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「KuMoHa 12」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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